Katalog monet Chin cz. V - Nothern Song dyn. (960-1125), Hobby-00-NUMIZMATYKA

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Zaiton catalogue of
Ancient Chinese coins
Chapter V: Northern Song dynasty
(960 – 1125)
Revision 1, January 2007
Zaiton catalogue of Chinese coins Chapter V: Northern Song dynasty Rev. 1.0 January 2007
Chapter V.
Coins of Northern Song (960-1125)
© Yellow Dragon Productions Holland
www.zaiton.nl
version: NS 1.0
January 2007
Coins that are shown belong to the Chinese coins collection of Zaiton, unless indicated differently.
The coins shown are assumed to be genuine, except when indicated as ‘suspect’.
Catalogue numbers in the column ‘Schj.” refer to the publication of F. Schjöth “
Chinese Currency. The
currency of the Far East
” of 1929, reprinted in 1976 by Andrew Publishing Company.
No liability can be accepted for the correctness of the contents of the information given in this document.
Indication in this catalogue of the rarity (‘R.’) of the coins’ occurrence:
CC
Very common
C
Common
RR
Very rare
The size of the coins illustrations are approximately equal to the real size of the specimens, when printed on
A4 paper format. The spacing of the blue grid in the background of the photographs is 5mm in actual size.
Chapter V.
Coins of Northern Song (960-1125)
Introduction
The Northern Song (
北宋
) dynasty was one of the most productive dynasties, with respect to the
issuing of different variations of bronze cash coins. Even more than its abundance, the quality and
aesthetic value of the Song coins are highly appreciated. The standardized sizes and 4-character
pattern on the obverse, practiced since the introduction of the ‘
kaiyuan’
-coin (
開元
) of the Tang
dynasty (618-907) was followed. The reverse of a coin during the Song-dynasty was empty, with very
few exceptions (mostly nail marks or a dot and at one occasion the designation of the place of minting;
ref. cat. nr. NSONG-123).
During the reign of an emperor (not only during the Song dynasty!) the reigning period was given a
year-title or motto, the period name. This year-title,
nian hao
in Chinese, consisted always of two
characters and was during the Song-dynasty changed at irregular intervals (typically every 4 to 8 years,
but sometimes within one year). Such a change of motto took place when a new emperor ascended
the throne and / or due to some happy or unhappy event. Most of these motto’s of the reigning periods
are represented on the coins cast during that time.
The 4-character reading was always consistently the same, since the beginning of the Tang dynasty in
618 until the end of the Chinese empire in 1911: The first two characters represent the nian hao,
followed by two additional characters that could be
通寳
tong bao
(=valid coin),
重寳
zhong bao
(=heavy coin) or
元寶
yuan bao
(=new coin). The upper character represents the first character of the
nian hao
. The second character of the
nian hao
was placed at the bottom or at the right position. The
bao
character was always placed at the left position.
As a rule – as stated above - the two characters of the year-title,
nian hao,
appeared on the coins that
were issued during that particular period. However, sometimes for reasons of aesthetics, for example
when one of the characters of the year-title was the same as the character
寳
‘
bao’
(=value, precious,
coin), a different 2-character text was chosen. An example is the first year-title of the Song dynasty,
kai bao
(
開寳
), where the text on the coins issued during that period was
song yuan
(
宋元
). Both
herald a new era.
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2
© Yellow Dragon Productions Holland 2007
R
Rare
Zaiton catalogue of Chinese coins Chapter V: Northern Song dynasty Rev. 1.0 January 2007
Besides the variations in the text, also often several styles of writing were applied during a given
period: regular writing, seal writing and cursive writing. This gives collecting of the Song coins an extra
attraction.
During the Song dynasty many iron variants of the bronze coins were issued. These coins were
considered as less valued than its bronze equivalent at the time of issuing. Due to its relative rarity,
however, today iron coins are much higher valued.
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3
© Yellow Dragon Productions Holland 2007
Zaiton catalogue of Chinese coins Chapter V: Northern Song dynasty Rev. 1.0 January 2007
Coins Northern Song
北
宋
(960-1125)
Emperor:
(Song) Taizu
太祖
Reign:
960-976
Period:
Kaibao
開寳
968-975, text on coin:
宋元
(“New Song”)
Cat. nr.:
Schj:
Obverse
Value:
Diameter:
Remarks:
R.:
NSONG-001
451
song yuan tong bao
1 cash
24
mm
regular writing
NSONG-002
459
song yuan tong bao
1 cash
25
mm
iron; regular writing
R
NSONG-001
Emperor:
(Song) Taizong
太宗
Reign:
976-997
Period:
Taiping
太平
(“Peace and Tranquillity”) 976-984
Cat. nr.:
Schj:
Obverse
Value:
Diam.:
Remarks:
R.:
NSONG-003
460
tai
ping
tong bao
1 cash
24mm
regular writing
NSONG-004
462
tai ping tong bao
1 cash
25mm
iron; regular writing
R
NSONG-003
Period:
Chunhua
淳化
(“Pure Change”) 990-994
Cat. nr.:
Schj:
Obverse
Value:
Diam.:
regular writing
R.:
NSONG-006
464
chun hua yuan bao
1 cash
24mm.
cursive writing
CC
NSONG-005 NSONG-006
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4
© Yellow Dragon Productions Holland 2007
C
CC
CC
NSONG-005
463
chun hua yuan bao
1 cash
24mm.
Remarks:
 Zaiton catalogue of Chinese coins Chapter V: Northern Song dynasty Rev. 1.0 January 2007
Period:
Zhidao
至道
995-998
Cat. nr.:
Value:
Diam.:
Remarks:
R.:
NSONG-007
465
zhi dao tong bao
1 cash
25 mm
regular writing
CC
NSONG-008
467
zhi dao yuan bao
1 cash
25
mm
cursive writing
NSONG-009
468
zhi dao yuan bao
1 cash
24
mm
cursive "grass" writing
C
NSONG-007 NSONG-008 NSONG-009
Emperor:
Zhenzong
真宗
Reign:
997-1022
Period:
Xianping
咸平
(“Peace all around”)
998-1004
Cat. nr.:
Value:
Diam.:
Remarks:
R.:
NSONG-010
469
xian ping yuan bao
1 cash
25
mm
regular writing
CC
NSONG
-
010
Period:
Jingde
景徳
(“Virtue”)
1004-1007
Cat. nr.:
Value:
Diam.:
Remarks:
R.:
NSONG-011
471
jing de yuan bao
1 cash
25
mm
regular writing
NSONG-012
472
jing de yuan bao
1 cash
34
mm
iron; large size
R
NSONG
-
011
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5
© Yellow Dragon Productions Holland 2007
Schj:
Obverse
C
Schj:
Obverse:
Schj:
Obverse:
C
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